Perennials                     Native to James City County, New Kent and Charles City

  S = spring

SM = summer

  F = fall

  E = early

  L = late

  W = wet (near water)

  M = moist

  D = dry

DT =  drought tolerant

 

SU = full sun

SH = shade

PS = partial shade

 

    
Scientific Name Common Name Flower Color Bloom Time Soil Light Plant Height Riparian Zones Comments VA Wildflower of the YEAR
Amsonia tabernaemontana blue star Pale Blue S  M, DT SU 3' 3-4 tolerates clay, good for slope  
Aquilegia canadensis columbine red & yellow S M PS-SH 1-2' 4 calcareous 1998 WF
Asarum canadense wild ginger brownish purple S M

PS-SH

 .5' 4 calcareous, ground cover  
Asclepias incarnata swamp milkweed purple, pink SM W-M PS-SU 4-6' 1-2    
Asclepias syriaca common milkweed Pink, Purple SM D-M, DT SU 3-6' 3-4    
Asclepias tuberosa butterfly weed Orange SM D, DT SU-PS 1-3' 4 Deer Resistant, good for slope 1992 WF
Baptisia australis blue false indigo Blue S M, DT SU-PS 3'-5' 3-4 not native in JC, NK, CC  
Baptisia tinctoria yellow wild indigo Yellow S D SU 1-3' 4 tolerates poor soil  
Boltonia asteroides white doll daisy, false aster White, Lavendar SM M SU .5' - 2’ 1-3    
Chamaecrista fasciculata (Cassia fasciculata) partidge pea yellow SM M SU .5'-1' 4 aggressive, good for slope near water  
Chelone glabra white turtlehead White  SM M-W SU-PS 1.5-6' 2-3    
Chrysogonum virginianum green & gold yellow S M SU-SH .5-1' 4 ground cover  
Chrysopsis mariana Maryland golden aster yellow SM-F D SU .5-2' 4 ground cover  
Conoclinium coelestinum (Eupatorium coelestinum) mistflower, wild ageratum Blue, lavender L SM D-W PS-SH 1'-3’ 3-4    
Coreopsis lanceolata lanceleaf coreopsis yellow SM D, DT SU   4    
Coreopsis tripteris tall coreopsis yellow SM D-M SU-PS 3.5'-10' 2-4    
Coreopsis verticillata threadleft coreopsis yellow SM D-M, DT SU-PS .5'-3' 4

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Coreopsis auriculata lobed tickseed Golden Orange L S M SU 0.5'-2' 4    
Echinacea sp (E. purpurea) coneflower (purple) White, Yellow, Pink-purple SM M-D SU-SH 3’ 3-4 not native to coastal VA  
Erigeron pulchellus robin's plantain blue, pink, white S-F D-M PS-SH 0.5-1.5 4 calcareous  
Eupatorium fistulosum Barratt
(Eupatoriadelphus fistulosus)		 Joe-pye weed, trumpetweed pink, purple SM D-W SU-PS 1.5'-10' 2-4    
Eupatorium perfoliatum common boneset white SM M-W SU-PS 1'-5' 1-3    
Eupatorium purpureum sweet-scented Joe-pye weed pink, purple SM M PS 3-6' 3-4    
Gaillardia pulchella blanket flower Yellow, Burgundy SM D SU 1-2' 4 poor soil  
Gaultheria procumbens wintergreen, eastern teaberry white S D-M PS-SH .5' 3-4 acid woods; red berries; ground cover  
Geranium maculatum wild geranium, spotted geranium lavender, pink S D-M SU-PS 1'-2' 4 spreads well, calcareous; ground cover  
Helenium autumnale sneezeweed Yellow F M SU-PS 1.5'-6' 1-3    
Helianthus angustifolius narrow leaf (swamp) sunflower Yellow F M-W SU .5'-5' 1-3

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Helianthus decapetalus ten-petal sunflower yellow   M SU-PS   3-4    
Helianthus divaricatus woodland sunflower yellow L SM D-M PS-SH 1.5'-6' 4 dry open woods, wooded slopes  
Heliopsis helianthoides  oxeye sunflower Yellow SM D-M SU-PS 1'-5' 4 fields, open woods  
Hepatica nobilis var. obtusa (H. americana) round-lobed hepatica white to lavender S Dry -M PS-SH .5'-2' 4 dry or rocky woods, calcareous; ground cover  
Hibiscus moscheutos rose mallow pink or white SM W SU 3'-6' 1-2 along streams & in marshes  
Houstonia caerulea (Hedyotis caerulea) bluets, Quaker ladies Blue S M PS-SH 3”-6" 3-4 acid soil  
Iris versicolor blue flag blue S M-W SU-PS 2'-3' 1-2 wetlands, shores  
Iris virginica Virginia blue flag blue L S M-W SU-PS 1'-3' 1-2    
Kosteletzkya virginica seashore mallow pink L SM-F M-W SU 1'-3' 1-2 brackish, salt and fresh water 2004 WF
Liatris spicata blazing star blue, purple SM M SU-PS 1'-6' 3-4 not native to coastal VA  
Liatris graminifolia (L. pilosa) grass leaf blazing star Pink to Purple SM D-M SU-PS 1-3' 2-4    
Lilium superbum Turk's cap lily Orange L  SM M-W SU 3-8' 3-4 damp meadows, swamps  
Lobelia cardinalis cardinal flower red SM M-W SU-PS 2'-4' 1-3 don't mulch in winter 1991 WF
Lupinus perennis lupine blue L S D SU-PS 1'-3' 4 hard to grow  
Mertensia virginica Virginia bluebells pink-blue S M-W PS 1'-2' 3-4 not native to coastal VA 1989 WF
Mitchella repens partidge berry white S M SH .5' 4 evergreen; ground cover; acid woods  
Monarda fistulosa wild bergamot red, lavender SM D-M PS-SH 1-3' 3-4 not native to coastal VA 1993 WF
Monarda punctata horse mint yellow, purple SM D SU 1-3'      
Oenothera fruticosa sundrops, narrowleaf evening primrose Yellow L S D-M SU 1-3' 1-4    
Opuntia humifusa eastern prickly-pear cactus yellow LS D, DT SU 1' 4 succulent  
Packera aurea (Senecio aureus ) golden ragwort Yellow S-SM M PS 1-3' 2-4    
Parthenium integrifolium wild quinine, American fever-few White SM D SU 1-3’ 4

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Penstemon digitalis beard tongue White S D-M SU 2-4’   not native to coastal VA  
Phlox divaricata wild blue phlox blue, white S M-D PS-SH .5'-1.5' 3-4 native in CC, NK, York Cos.  
Phlox paniculata summer/fall phlox pink, purple, white SM M SU-PS 1.5'-6' 3-4 Native in NK, York, JC Cos.  
Physostegia virginiana obedient plant White, Pink, Red SM D-M SU 2-5’ 4 Native in NK, York Cos.  
Podophyllum peltatum mayapple white S M SH-PS 1'-2' 4 woods; ground cover  
Polemonium reptans Jacob's Ladder blue S M PS 10"-15"      
Pycnanthemum tenuifolium mountain mint purple-white SM D-M SU 1-2' 2-4    
Rhexia mariana Maryland meadowbeauty White, pink SM W SU 1'-3' 2-3 good for water garden, bog or pond area  
Rhexia virginica Virginia meadow beauty pink SM W SU 1'-3' 2-3 native in CC, JC, York Cos.  
Rudbeckia hirta, R.fulgida, R.triloba black-eyed Susan, orange coneflower Yellow SM D-M SU-PS 1'-4' 3-4 Deer Resistant  
Rudbeckia laciniata green headed coneflower, cutleaf coneflower yellow SM W-M SU-PS 2'-10' 2-4    
Ruellia caroliniensis wild petunia purple, blue SM M SU-PS .5'-3' 4    
Sanguinaria canadensis bloodroot white E S M PS-SH 5"-10" 4 calcareous 2005 WF
Saururus cernuus lizard's tail white SM W PS 1'-4' 1-2 good ground cover, swamps  
Scutellaria integrifolia hyssop skullcap, helmet flower blue, pink, white SM M SU 1-2' 2-3    
Sedum ternatum wild stonecrop white S D-M, DT SU-PS 6" 4 ground cover, limey soils; Not native to JCC, CC, NK cos  
Sisyrinchium angustifolium blue-eyed grass blue S-SM M PS 6"-18" 2-4 in Iris family  
Solidago odora, S.nemoralis, S.sempervirens, S.altissima, S.rugosa sweet, gray, seaside, late, wrinkleleaf goldenrod yellow SM-F M-D SU-PS 2-6' 2-4 Deer Resistant  
Symphyotrichum concolor eastern silvery aster Violet F D SU 1'-3’ 4    
Symphyotrichum cordifolium, S. laeve  aster (blue wood, smooth) lavender, violet SM-F D-M SU-SH 1'-3' 3-4 good for slope  
Symphyotrichum lateriflorum calico aster white F M-D SU 2'-3'  

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Symphyotrichum novi-belgii New York aster violet-blue L SM-F D-M SU 1-3' 2-3    
Thalictrum pubescens  meadow rue, king of the meadow white SM M-W SU-SH 1'-6'      
Tiarella cordifolia foam flower white S M SU-SH .5'-1' 3-4 rich woods, moist slopes, calcareous; ground cover; native in JCC  
Verbena hastata blue vervain blue SM M-W SU-PS 2'-4' 2-3 Biennial, native in CC and York cos  
Vernonia noveboracensis New York ironweed purple   L SM M SU 2-7' 2-4   1995 WF
Viola cucullata, V. pedata, V. sororia violets (marsh, birdfoot, common blue) white - violet S D-M SU-SH .5'-1' 3-4 Can become prolific ground cover due to self-sowing  
Yucca filamentosa Adam's needle White SM D, DT SU 2'--6' 4 flowers can rise 10' above foliage, evergreen  
Zephyranthes atamasco Atamasco lily; Jamestown lily White LS M-W PS-SU .5'-1' 2-4 Tender - grow near large body of water 2007 WF
Zizia aptera, Z. aurea  heart-leaf Alexander, golden Alexander Yellow S D-M PS 1-3’ 2-3 Streams & bottomlands, not coastal  
             

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Plants not included on list
Claytonia virginica Spring beauty pink E S M  PS 5"   delicate 1990 WF
Eryngium yuccifolium rattlesnake master whitish green L SM D       generally not coastal  
Erythronium americanum yellow trout-lily yellow           not native in JCC, CC 2003 WF
Eupatorium maculatum spotted Joe-Pye weed             generally not coastal  
Heuchera americana alum root green, white, pink S D-M SH 1'-3'   rich woods, not coastal  
Iris cristata dwarf crested iris     M-W          
Jeffersonia diphylla American twinleaf white S M PS 1'   not native to eastern VA 1999 WF
Lobelia siphilitica great blue lobelia     M-W SU-SH 1'-5'   generally not coastal  
Phlox stolonifera wild blue phlox blue   D-M PS     generally not coastal  
Phlox subulata ‘Snowflake’ moss pink White, pink S D SU 2-6”   generally not coastal; ground cover  
Trillium grandiflorum large-flowered trillium White LS M PS 1'-3'   not native to eastern VA 1996 WF