Trees and Shrubs       Native to James City County, New Kent and Charles City

 

 

W = wet (near water)

M = moist

D = dry

DT =  drought tolerant

SU = full sun

SH = shade

PS = partial shade

 

L = lowland

U = upland

B = both areas  

 

 

Scientific Name

Common Name

Soil

Light

Height

 Comments

Locale

Riparian Zones

VA Wildflower of the Year

Medium to Large Trees

Acer rubrum

red maple

M-W

SU

40'-100'

red flowers, red leaves in fall

B

1-4

 

Betula nigra

river birch

M-W

SU

50'-100'

bark interesting

L

2-3

 

Carya alba (C. tomentosa)

mockernut hickory

D-M

PS-SH

60'-100'

 

U

3-4

 

Carya glabra

pignut hickory

D-M

SU-PS

60'-100'

 

U

3-4

 

Celtis occidentalis

hackberry, sugarberry

D-M

SU-PS

40'-100'

 

B

2-4

 

Diospyros virginiana

persimmon

D-M

SU-PS

50'-75'

 

L

2-4

 

Fagus grandifolia

American beech

M

SU-PS

50'-100'

 

U

 

 

Fraxinus americana

white ash

M

SU-PS

50'-100'

 

U

2-4

 

Fraxinus pennsylvanica

green ash, swamp ash

D-W

SU-PS

50'-75'

 

L

2-3

 

Juniperus virginiana

Eastern red cedar

D, DT

SU

10'-75'

blue fruit, evergreen

B

2-4

 

Liquidambar styraciflua

sweetgum

M-W

SU-PS

60'-100'

messy gumballs, red leaves in fall

U

2-4

 

Liriodendron tulipifera

tulip tree, yellow poplar

M

SU-PS

70'-100'

 

U

3-4

 

Nyssa aquatica

water tupelo

W

SU-PS

70'-100'

 

L

1

 

Nyssa sylvatica

Black gum, Sour gum

D-W

SU-PS

30'-75'

white blooms, red in fall, blue fruit

L

2-4

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Oxydendrum arboreum

sourwood

D-M

PS-SH

15'-50'

white blooms, red in fall

U

3-4

 

Pinus echinata

shortleaf pine, yellow pine

D-M

SU

100'

evergreen

U

3-4

 

Pinus strobus

Eastern white pine

D-M

SU

75'-100'

evergreen

U

3-4

 

Pinus taeda

loblolly pine

D-W

SU

70'-90'

evergreen

U

2-4

 

Pinus virginiana

Virginia pine

D-M

SU

50'-80'

evergreen

U

2-4

 

Platanus occidentalis

sycamore

M-W

SU-PS

75'-100'

 

L

2-4

 

Quercus alba

white oak

D-M

SU-PS

75'-100'

 

U

3-4

 

Quercus coccinea

scarlet oak

D-M

SU

40'-70'

red fall foliage

U

3-4

 

Quercus falcata

southern red oak

D-M

SU

70'-80'

 

U

3-4

 

Quercus michauxii

swamp chestnut oak

M-W

SU

50'-80'

 

L

2-4

 

Quercus nigra

water oak

M-W

PS-SH

50'-80'

 

L

2-4

 

Quercus palustris

pin oak

M-W

SU

50'-80'

 

L

2-3

 

Quercus phellos

willow oak

M-W

SU-PS

80'-100'

 

L

2-4

 

Quercus prinus (Q. montana)

Chestnut oak

D

SU-SH

40'-80'

 

U

3-4

 

Quercus rubra

northern red oak

D-M

SU-SH

90'

 

U

3-4

 

Quercus stellata

post oak

D-M

SU

35'-50'

 

U

3-4

 

Quercus velutina

black oak

D-M

SU

75'-100'

 

U

3-4

 

Sassafras albidum

sassafras

D-M

SU-PS

35'-50'

red fall foliage; blue fruit

U

2-4

 

Taxodium distichum

bald cypress

M-W

SU

50'-100'

prefers wet but also grows on dry land

B

1-3

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Small Trees

Amelanchier arborea

downy serviceberry, shadbush

M

PS

15'-40'

 

U

4

 

Amelanchier canadensis

Canada serviceberry

M

PS

35'-50'

white blooms, red in fall, red fruit

U

2-4

 

Asimina triloba

paw paw

M

PS-SH

20'-35'

Red blooms

U

3-4

 

Cercis canadensis

eastern redbud

M, DT

PS-SH

20'-35'

pink flowers

U

2-4

 

Chionanthus virginicus

white fringe tree

M

SU-PS

12'-35'

white blooms, blue fruit

U

3-4

1997 WF

Cornus florida

flowering dogwood

D-M

PS

15'-50'

white blooms, red fruit

U

3-4

 

Crataegus phaenopyrum

Washington hawthorne

M-D

SU

25'-35'

white blooms, red fruit & fall foliage

U

3-4

 

Ilex opaca

American holly

D

SU-SH

15'-50'

white flowers, red fruit; evergreen

B

2-4

 

Magnolia virginiana

sweetbay magnolia

W-M

SU-SH

10'-30'

white flowers, red fruit

L

2-3

 

Morus rubra

red mulberry

M

SH

35'-60'

messy fruit

U

3-4

 

Ostrya virginiana

eastern hop hornbeam

M

SH

25'-50'

calcareous

U

4

 

Persea borbonia (P. palustris)

redbay, sweet bay

M

PS-SH

30'-65'

evergreen, dark blue fruit

U

4

 

Prunus americana

American wild plum

M

SU-SH

20'-35'

 

U

4

 

Prunus serotina

wild black cherry

 

SU

40'-75'

 

U

3-4

 

Salix nigra

black willow

M

SU-PS

35'-50'

 

L

1-3

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Shrubs

Alnus serrulata

common (smooth) alder

W-M

SU

12'-20'

Purple catkins, flood tolerant

L

1-3

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Aronia arbutifolia            (Photinia pyrifolia)

red chokeberry

M

PS

2'-12'

white blooms, red in fall

U

2-4

 

Aronia melanocarpa

black chokeberry

D-W

SU

3'-6'

 

U

2-4

 

Baccharis halimifolia

groundsel tree, high tide bush

W-D

SU

6'-12'

salt-tolerant, showy, erosion control

B

2-4

 

Callicarpa americana

American beautyberry

D-M

SH-PS

6'