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Trees and Shrubs
Native to James City County, New Kent and Charles
City |
|
|
W = wet
(near water)
M = moist
D = dry
DT =
drought tolerant |
SU = full sun
SH = shade
PS = partial shade
|
L = lowland
U = upland
B = both
areas
|
|
Scientific
Name |
Common
Name |
Soil |
Light |
Height |
Comments |
Locale |
Riparian Zones |
VA Wildflower of
the Year |
|
Medium to Large
Trees |
|
Acer rubrum |
red maple |
M-W |
SU |
40'-100' |
red flowers, red
leaves in fall |
B |
1-4 |
|
|
Betula nigra |
river birch |
M-W |
SU |
50'-100' |
bark interesting |
L |
2-3 |
|
|
Carya alba (C.
tomentosa) |
mockernut hickory |
D-M |
PS-SH |
60'-100' |
|
U |
3-4 |
|
|
Carya glabra |
pignut hickory |
D-M |
SU-PS |
60'-100' |
|
U |
3-4 |
|
|
Celtis occidentalis |
hackberry,
sugarberry |
D-M |
SU-PS |
40'-100' |
|
B |
2-4 |
|
|
Diospyros
virginiana |
persimmon |
D-M |
SU-PS |
50'-75' |
|
L |
2-4 |
|
|
Fagus grandifolia |
American beech |
M |
SU-PS |
50'-100' |
|
U |
|
|
|
Fraxinus americana |
white ash |
M |
SU-PS |
50'-100' |
|
U |
2-4 |
|
|
Fraxinus
pennsylvanica |
green ash, swamp
ash |
D-W |
SU-PS |
50'-75' |
|
L |
2-3 |
|
|
Juniperus
virginiana |
Eastern red cedar |
D, DT |
SU |
10'-75' |
blue fruit,
evergreen |
B |
2-4 |
|
|
Liquidambar
styraciflua |
sweetgum |
M-W |
SU-PS |
60'-100' |
messy gumballs, red
leaves in fall |
U |
2-4 |
|
|
Liriodendron
tulipifera |
tulip tree, yellow
poplar |
M |
SU-PS |
70'-100' |
|
U |
3-4 |
|
|
Nyssa aquatica |
water tupelo |
W |
SU-PS |
70'-100' |
|
L |
1 |
|
|
Nyssa sylvatica |
Black gum, Sour gum |
D-W |
SU-PS |
30'-75' |
white blooms, red
in fall, blue fruit |
L |
2-4 |
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|
Oxydendrum arboreum |
sourwood |
D-M |
PS-SH |
15'-50' |
white blooms, red
in fall |
U |
3-4 |
|
|
Pinus echinata |
shortleaf pine,
yellow pine |
D-M |
SU |
100' |
evergreen |
U |
3-4 |
|
|
Pinus strobus |
Eastern white pine |
D-M |
SU |
75'-100' |
evergreen |
U |
3-4 |
|
|
Pinus taeda |
loblolly pine |
D-W |
SU |
70'-90' |
evergreen |
U |
2-4 |
|
|
Pinus virginiana |
Virginia pine |
D-M |
SU |
50'-80' |
evergreen |
U |
2-4 |
|
|
Platanus
occidentalis |
sycamore |
M-W |
SU-PS |
75'-100' |
|
L |
2-4 |
|
|
Quercus alba |
white oak |
D-M |
SU-PS |
75'-100' |
|
U |
3-4 |
|
|
Quercus coccinea |
scarlet oak |
D-M |
SU |
40'-70' |
red fall foliage |
U |
3-4 |
|
|
Quercus falcata |
southern red oak |
D-M |
SU |
70'-80' |
|
U |
3-4 |
|
|
Quercus michauxii |
swamp chestnut oak |
M-W |
SU |
50'-80' |
|
L |
2-4 |
|
|
Quercus nigra |
water oak |
M-W |
PS-SH |
50'-80' |
|
L |
2-4 |
|
|
Quercus palustris |
pin oak |
M-W |
SU |
50'-80' |
|
L |
2-3 |
|
|
Quercus phellos |
willow oak |
M-W |
SU-PS |
80'-100' |
|
L |
2-4 |
|
|
Quercus prinus (Q.
montana) |
Chestnut oak |
D |
SU-SH |
40'-80' |
|
U |
3-4 |
|
|
Quercus rubra |
northern red oak |
D-M |
SU-SH |
90' |
|
U |
3-4 |
|
|
Quercus stellata |
post oak |
D-M |
SU |
35'-50' |
|
U |
3-4 |
|
|
Quercus velutina |
black oak |
D-M |
SU |
75'-100' |
|
U |
3-4 |
|
|
Sassafras albidum |
sassafras |
D-M |
SU-PS |
35'-50' |
red fall foliage;
blue fruit |
U |
2-4 |
|
|
Taxodium distichum |
bald cypress |
M-W |
SU |
50'-100' |
prefers wet but
also grows on dry land |
B |
1-3 |
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to Top |
|
Small Trees |
|
Amelanchier arborea |
downy serviceberry,
shadbush |
M |
PS |
15'-40' |
|
U |
4 |
|
|
Amelanchier
canadensis |
Canada serviceberry |
M |
PS |
35'-50' |
white blooms, red
in fall, red fruit |
U |
2-4 |
|
|
Asimina triloba |
paw paw |
M |
PS-SH |
20'-35' |
Red blooms |
U |
3-4 |
|
|
Cercis canadensis |
eastern redbud |
M, DT |
PS-SH |
20'-35' |
pink flowers |
U |
2-4 |
|
|
Chionanthus
virginicus |
white fringe tree |
M |
SU-PS |
12'-35' |
white blooms, blue
fruit |
U |
3-4 |
1997 WF |
|
Cornus florida |
flowering dogwood |
D-M |
PS |
15'-50' |
white blooms, red
fruit |
U |
3-4 |
|
|
Crataegus
phaenopyrum |
Washington
hawthorne |
M-D |
SU |
25'-35' |
white blooms, red
fruit & fall foliage |
U |
3-4 |
|
|
Ilex opaca |
American holly |
D |
SU-SH |
15'-50' |
white flowers, red
fruit; evergreen |
B |
2-4 |
|
|
Magnolia virginiana |
sweetbay magnolia |
W-M |
SU-SH |
10'-30' |
white flowers, red
fruit |
L |
2-3 |
|
|
Morus rubra |
red mulberry |
M |
SH |
35'-60' |
messy fruit |
U |
3-4 |
|
|
Ostrya virginiana |
eastern hop
hornbeam |
M |
SH |
25'-50' |
calcareous |
U |
4 |
|
|
Persea borbonia (P.
palustris) |
redbay, sweet bay |
M |
PS-SH |
30'-65' |
evergreen, dark
blue fruit |
U |
4 |
|
|
Prunus americana |
American wild plum |
M |
SU-SH |
20'-35' |
|
U |
4 |
|
|
Prunus serotina |
wild black cherry |
|
SU |
40'-75' |
|
U |
3-4 |
|
|
Salix nigra |
black willow |
M |
SU-PS |
35'-50' |
|
L |
1-3 |
|
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Shrubs |
|
Alnus serrulata |
common (smooth)
alder |
W-M |
SU |
12'-20' |
Purple catkins,
flood tolerant |
L |
1-3 |
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to Top |
|
Aronia
arbutifolia (Photinia
pyrifolia) |
red chokeberry |
M |
PS |
2'-12' |
white blooms, red
in fall |
U |
2-4 |
|
|
Aronia melanocarpa |
black chokeberry |
D-W |
SU |
3'-6' |
|
U |
2-4 |
|
|
Baccharis
halimifolia |
groundsel tree,
high tide bush |
W-D |
SU |
6'-12' |
salt-tolerant,
showy, erosion control |
B |
2-4 |
|
|
Callicarpa
americana |
American
beautyberry |
D-M |
SH-PS |
6' |
|
U |
3-4 |
|
|
Castanea pumila |
Allegheny chinkapin |
D |
SU-PS |
12'-20' |
|
U |
4 |
|
|
Ceanothus
americanus |
New Jersey tea |
D |
SU-PS |
3' |
|
U |
4 |
|
|
Cephalanthus
occidentalis |
button bush |
M-W |
SU-SH |
3'-12' |
white blooms
|
L |
1-2 |
|
|
Clethra
alnifolia |
sweet pepperbush,
summer sweet |
M-W |
PS-SH |
6'-12' |
|
L |
2-3 |
|
|
Cornus
amomum |
silky dogwood |
W-M |
SU-PS |
6'-12' |
white blooms, blue
fruit |
L |
2-3 |
|
|
Cornus foemina
(C.stricta) |
swamp dogwood |
W-M |
PS |
6'-20' |
white blooms,
blue-black fruit |
L |
2-3 |
|
|
Cornus racemosa |
grey dogwood |
D-M |
SU-SH |
6'-12' |
|
L |
4 |
|
|
Euonymus
americanus |
strawberry bush,
hearts-a-busting |
D_M |
PS |
6'-12' |
red fruits open to
show orange seeds |
U |
4 |
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to Top |
|
Gaultheria
procumbens |
wintergreen,
teaberry |
D-M |
SH |
6" |
groundcover |
U |
4 |
|
|
Gaylussacia baccata |
black huckleberry |
D-M |
SH |
1.5'-3' |
red in fall, black
fruit |
U |
4 |
|
|
Gaylussacia
frondosa |
dangleberry |
D |
SU-SH |
2'-4' |
|
U |
4 |
|
|
Hamamelis
virginiana |
witch hazel |
M-D |
PS-SH |
15'-30' |
|
U |
4 |
2002 WF
|
|
Hydrangea
arborescens |
wild hydrangea |
M |
PS-SH |
3'-6' |
|
U |
4 |
|
|
Ilex decidua |
possumhaw |
M-D |
SH |
|
|
L |
2-4 |
|
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Ilex glabra |
inkberry |
D-M |
SU-SH |
6'-10' |
evergreen |
L |
2-3 |
|
|
Ilex laevigata |
smooth winterberry |
M |
SU-PS |
10'-12' |
white blooms, red
berries |
L |
2-4 |
|
|
Ilex
verticillata |
winterberry |
M-W |
SU-SH |
6'-12' |
white blooms, red
fruit |
L |
2-4 |
|
|
Ilex vomitoria |
yaupon holly |
D |
SU-SH |
3'-20' |
evergreen |
U |
4 |
|
|
Itea
virginica |
Virginia willow,
sweetspire |
M-W |
SU-SH |
3'-10' |
white blooms, red
in fall |
L |
2-3 |
|
|
Iva frutescens |
marsh elder,
high-tide bush |
D-M |
SU |
2'-10' |
|
L |
2-3 |
|
|
Kalmia
latifolia |
mountain laurel |
D-W |
PS-SH |
5'-20' |
evergreen |
U |
4 |
1994 WF |
|
Leucothoe
racemosa
(Eubotrys racemosa) |
fetterbush,
sweetbells, swamp doghobble |
M-W |
SH-SU |
6'-12' |
red leaves in fall |
L |
2-3 |
|
|
Lindera
benzoin |
spicebush |
M |
SH |
6'-16' |
tiny yellow flowers |
B |
2-4 |
2006 WF |
|
Lyonia lucida |
shining fetterbush |
M |
PS-SH |
6'-12' |
|
U |
3-4 |
|
|
Myrica
cerifera
(Morella cerifera) |
wax myrtle or
bayberry |
D-M |
SU-SH |
5'-15' |
evergreen |
B |
1-4 |
|
|
Physocarpus
opulifolius |
ninebark |
M-W |
SU-PS |
5'-25' |
white blooms,
May-June |
L |
2-3 |
|
|
Rhododendron
atlanticum |
dwarf azalea |
M |
SH |
1'-2.5' |
|
U |
2-4 |
|
|
Rhododendron
periclymenoides |
pinxter flower,
pink azalea |
M-W |
SH |
3'-10' |
|
U |
2-3 |
|
|
Rhododendron
viscosum |
swamp azalea |
W |
PS |
5'-12' |
white-pink blooms
in May-Jul |
L |
2-3 |
|
|
Rhus copallinum |
winged (shining)
sumac |
D |
SU-PS |
8'-35' |
fall color, can be
invasive |
U |
3-4 |
|
|
Rhus glabra |
smooth sumac |
D-M |
SU |
2-20' |
|
U |
3-4 |
|
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Rosa carolina |
pasture rose |
D-M |
SU |
.5'-3' |
|
U |
4 |
|
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Rosa palustris |
swamp rose |
W-M |
SU-PS |
8' |
|
L |
1-2 |
|
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Salix humilis |
prairie willow |
D-W |
SU |
6'-12' |
|
U |
3-4 |
|
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Salix sericea |
silky willow |
M |
SU-SH |
|
|
L |
2-3 |
|
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Sambucus canadensis |
common elderberry |
M |
SU-SH |
6'-12' |
weed to some |
L |
2-4 |
|
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Spiraea tomentosa |
steeplebush |
M-W |
SU |
3'-6' |
pink-purple,
fall-yellow |
L |
2-3 |
|
|
Vaccinium arboreum |
sparkleberry,
farkleberry |
M |
PS |
6'-12' |
semi-evergreen |
U |
2-4 |
|
|
Vaccinium
fuscatum (V. corymbosum) |
highbush blueberry |
D-W |
SU-SH |
6'-12' |
red in fall, blue
fruit |
U |
2-4 |
|
|
Vaccinium formosum |
southern blueberry |
M-W |
SU-PS |
6'-12' |
|
U |
2-4 |
|
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Vaccinium stamineum |
common deerberry |
M-D |
SH |
6'-12' |
|
U |
2-4 |
|
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Viburnum
dentatum |
arrowwood |
D-M |
SU |
10'-15' |
white blooms |
L |
2-4 |
|
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Viburnum
nudum |
possumhaw,
swamp-haw |
M-W |
SU-SH |
6.5'-20' |
white blooms, red
in fall, red and blue fruit |
L |
1-3 |
|
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Viburnum
prunifolium |
black-haw viburnum |
D-M |
SU-SH |
12'-24' |
|
B |
2-4 |
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Back
to Top |
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Native plants left
off list & Why not particularly good for home landscape |
|
Scientific
Name |
Common
Name |
Soil |
Light |
Height |
Comments |
Locale |
Riparian Zones |
VA Wildflower of
the Year |
|
Juglans nigra |
black walnut |
M |
PS |
35'-100' |
alleopathic effect
& messy nuts |
U |
2-4 |
|
|
Aralia spinosa |
devil's walking
stick |
M |
PS |
12'-20' |
thorny stems, seeds
poisonous, spreads easily |
U |
2-4 |
|
|
Crataegus (uniflora
& flava) |
dwarf & october
hawthorne |
|
|
|
thickets, good
wildlife cover |
U |
3-4 |
|
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Crateagus crusgalli |
cockspur hawthorne |
D-M |
SH-SU |
|
thorny, thicket |
U |
|
|
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Epigaea repens |
trailing-arbutus |
M |
SH |
4"-6" |
evergreen,
but difficult to grow |
|
|
2001 WF |
|
Hydrangea
quercifolia |
oakleaf hydrangea |
M |
SH |
6'-12' |
native to NC, not
VA |
L |
2-3 |
|
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Kalmia augustifolia |
sheep laurel,
lambskill |
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toxic to livestock |
|
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Myrica heterophylla |
southern bayberry |
D-M |
SU-SH |
8'-12' |
not in JCC/NK/CC |
L |
|
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Myrica pensylvanica |
northern bayberry |
D-W |
SU-PS |
5'-12' |
|
U |
|
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Rhododendron
calendulaceum |
flame azalea |
M |
PS |
6'-12' |
native to western
VA |
|
|
2000 WF |
|
Rhododendron
viscosum |
swamp azalea |
M-W |
SU-PS |
|
demands acid soil,
susceptible to disease & insects |
L |
2-3 |
|
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Rhus hirta (R.
typhina) |
staghorn sumac |
D |
SU |
35-50' |
not in JCC/NK/CC |
U |
|
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Rubus argutus
|
highbush blackberry |
D DT |
SU-PS |
|
thickets |
U |
|
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Symplocos tinctoria |
sweetleaf, horse
sugar |
M-W |
PS-SU |
|
not readily
available |
L |
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Viburnum
cassinoides |
witherod
|
W-D |
|
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subsp of V.nudum,
not native to coastal VA |
L |
|
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Viburnum trilobum |
American cranberry
bush |
M |
PS-SU |
|
not coastal VA |
U |
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